Logic refers to the human art that teaches the use of valid reasoning and how to differentiate this from fallacious argumentation. In this regard, it should be prioritized above all other human sciences, including religious sciences, since it is the primary key and tool to attain correct knowledge in all intellectual fields. Accordingly, in the classical philosophical tradition, the classification of sciences
follows the following order: logic, physics, and metaphysics. The department offers courses on the history of logic, ranging from the Ancient Greek and Islamic Philosophical traditions to Contemporary Western Philosophy. Its courses cover central logical themes (e.g., syllogistic logic, modal logic, inductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning) and historical figures (e.g., Aristotle, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi).